Let us first check our current server and database's appropariate variables.
> latin1
> latin1_swedish_ci
Since we are using latin based language settings, the cases are different unlike some languages that don't have cases. And with the database collation set to latin_swedish_ci the string search will be case insensitive (ci).
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE variable_name = 'character_set_server'
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE variable_name = 'collation_database'
For this illustration, I have created a table "country" with single column "country_name" and inserted 3 rows.
CREATE TABLE country ( country_name varchar(32) NOT NULL ); INSERT INTO country VALUES ('US'), ('UK'), ('ukraine') ; COMMIT;